2015中考英语句子结构讲解与练习

我们都知道在各个科目的学习中，对必考知识点进行归纳总结可以有效地帮助我们的学习，在初中英语中当然也不例外。针对初中英语的学习，我们学大教育专家为大家带来了2015中考英语句子结构讲解与练习，希望可以更好地帮助同学们对于初中英语这门学科的学习。

主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)

To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.

表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)

Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)

His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)

The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),

remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉) ...

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

宾语：1)动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)

How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)

练习题：

1. My mother has sports on Friday afternoon.改成否定句

2. There are some books and computers on the desks.改成否定句

3.He's seldom late for school__________?

A. hasn't he B.isn't he C.has he D.is he

4. Let's take a walk outside,_______?

A. don't we B.will you C.shall we D.have we

5.I don't think he has to go,_________?

A. do I B.has he C.hasn't he D.does he

6. ____________do you prefer, rice or noodles?

A. What B.Which C.How D.When

7. Mrs Black came to China in 1980.

Mrs Black has been in China since 1980.

8._________important news is to everybody in a modem city!

A. What B.How C.What an D.How an

9. A:____is it from our school to the museum?

B:About 20 minutes' walk.

A. How long B.How fast C.How far D.How soon

10. A:____does Peter weigh now?

B：44 kilos.

A. How heavy B,How C.How much D.What

答案及解析：

1.My other doesn't have sports on Friday afternoon.

【解析】 这类句子中的has并不是表示“有”的意思，而是“have spoils”这个词组中的行为动词，表示“进行体育活动”的意思。所以在改成否定句时，应加助动词does来进行否定。需要注意的是，在用了助动词之后，行为动词就必须用原形。此类词组还有have lunch, have a class, have a good time等。

2.There aren't any books or computers on the desks.

或：There are no books or computers on the desks.

There are no books and no computers on the desks.

【解析】 在把上述这类肯定句改成否定句时，同学们能够把some改成any，但往往会忘记把and改成or。

3. 【解析】 此句答案为D。在反意疑问句中要注意前半句用肯定，反意疑问句则用否定形式，前半句为否定，反意疑问句要用肯定形式。此句中seldom表示否定"很少”，这样看来 A、B答案不正确。而由于be late for是习惯用语，所以选D。另外，表示否定的此类副词还有little，few，never，hardly等。

4. 【解析】答案选C。祈使句的反意疑问句，一般都用will you，只有Let's开头的句子才用shall we。如：

Open the door please, will you?

Don't open the door, will you?

Let us discuss it,will you?

Let's discuss it,shall we?

5.【解析】 答案选D。在主句I think( believe)...+宾语从句的反意疑问句时，后半句疑问部分中的动词和主语应该和宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致，如果主句肯定，反意部分用否定。如果主句否定，反意部分则用肯定。而此句的从句为has to结构，它的否定是助动词does结构，所以选D。

6.【解析】答案选B。从本句的意思来看，它表达的是你喜欢什么或哪一个，C或D显然不成立，而问句中有两项选择范围，因此应该选B。

7.【解析】 这两句句子放在一起作为划线提问有一定的针对性。第一句表达过去某时间布莱克先生来中国，因此提问词应用When。而第二句表达自1980年到现在为止，布莱克先生一直呆在中国，其侧重点在于很长时间了，因此提问词应用How long。

8.【解析】答案选B。在做感叹句练习时，一定要注意找准感叹部分的中心词。这个中心词常常是在句子主语之前。此句的谓语是is，而主语是news，那么important就是强调的中心词，因此只能用How。其实这个句子真正的表达是：News is very important to everybody in a modem city.

9.【解析】答案选C。这道题问的是学校到博物馆之间的距离有多远，所以选C。how long表达多长。How fast表达速度多快。How soon表达时间多久，多用于将来时态。

10.【解析】 答案选C。在表达人或物有多重时有如下三种方式：(1) How much does it weigh? (2) How heavy is it? (3) What's the weight of it?因此本题选C。

2015中考英语句子结构讲解与练习，在上面文章中我已经进行了详细的分析整理，希望同学们在初中英语学习的过程中，好好地利用我们所提供的知识。